Write a custom component for Home Assistant

This is a dummy component which integrates with binary sensor, lock, sensor and switch platforms for demonstrating the development of custom components used in Home Assistant.

Development

Setup development environment as described in the following URL:

https://developers.home-assistant.io/docs/development_environment/

Generate the skeleton codes for integration by executing the following command:

python3 -m script.scaffold integration

An interative Q&A session then starts. When it finishes, it will generate the skeleton codes.

 What is the domain?
 > dummy_garage

 What is the name of your integration?
 > Dummy Garage

 What is your GitHub handle?
 > @adafycheng
What PyPI package and version do you depend on? Leave blank for none.
 >

 How will your integration gather data?

 Valid values are assumed_state, calculated, cloud_polling, cloud_push, local_polling, local_push

 More info @ https://developers.home-assistant.io/docs/creating_integration_manifest#iot-class

 > local_polling

 Does Home Assistant need the user to authenticate to control the device/service? (yes/no) [yes]
 > no

 Is the device/service discoverable on the local network? (yes/no) [no]
 > no

 Is this a helper integration? (yes/no) [no]
 > yes

 Can the user authenticate the device using OAuth2? (yes/no) [no]
 > no

 Scaffolding integration for the dummy_garage integration...
 Writing tests/components/dummy_garage/__init__.py
 Writing homeassistant/components/dummy_garage/const.py
 Writing homeassistant/components/dummy_garage/manifest.json
 Writing homeassistant/components/dummy_garage/__init__.py
 Updating dummy_garage manifest: {'codeowners': ['@adafycheng'], 'iot_class': 'local_polling'}

 Scaffolding config_flow_helper for the dummy_garage integration...
 Writing homeassistant/components/dummy_garage/const.py
 Writing homeassistant/components/dummy_garage/__init__.py
 Writing homeassistant/components/dummy_garage/sensor.py
 Writing homeassistant/components/dummy_garage/config_flow.py
 Writing tests/components/dummy_garage/test_config_flow.py
 Writing tests/components/dummy_garage/test_init.py
 Updating dummy_garage manifest: {'config_flow': True}
 Updating dummy_garage strings: ['config', 'options']

 Running hassfest to pick up new information.

 Running gen_requirements_all to pick up new information.

 Running script/translations_develop to pick up new translation strings.

 **************************

 Integration code has been generated

 Added the following files:
 - homeassistant/components/dummy_garage/config_flow.py
 - homeassistant/components/dummy_garage/manifest.json
 - homeassistant/components/dummy_garage/const.py
 - homeassistant/components/dummy_garage/sensor.py
 - homeassistant/components/dummy_garage/__init__.py

 Added the following tests:
 - tests/components/dummy_garage/test_init.py
 - tests/components/dummy_garage/test_config_flow.py

 The next step is to look at the files and deal with all areas marked as TODO.

In this integration, since we create the entities by configuration, therefore we clear most of the codes in __init__.py.

For each of the platforms,

i. Define the PLATFORM_SCHEMA (mandatoriness and data type) for getting the inputs from configuration.yaml.

 import voluptuous as vol

 from homeassistant.components.sensor import (
     PLATFORM_SCHEMA,
     SensorDeviceClass,
     SensorEntity,
     SensorStateClass,
 )

 DEFAULT_NAME = "Dummy Garage - Sensor"

 PLATFORM_SCHEMA = PLATFORM_SCHEMA.extend(
 {
     vol.Required(CONF_MAC): cv.string,
     vol.Optional(CONF_NAME, default=DEFAULT_NAME): cv.string,
 }
 )

ii. Add a async_setup_platform function to be called when the platform is being setup. In this function, the entity will be created and added to Home Assistant.

 async def async_setup_platform(
     hass: HomeAssistant,
     config: ConfigType,
     add_entities: AddEntitiesCallback,
     discovery_info: DiscoveryInfoType | None = None,
 ) -> None:
     """Set up the sensor platform."""
     name = config[CONF_NAME]
     mac_addr = config[CONF_MAC]

     add_entities([DummyGarageSensor(mac_addr, name)], True)

iii. Create a class with the Entity class corresponding to the platform as the input parameter.

The __init__ function is the constructor of the class.
The name function returns as the Name of the entity shown in the Home Assistant Web Application.

The unique_id function returns as the unique ID of the entity. I transform the input MAC address to a unique ID.

class DummyGarageSensor(SensorEntity):
  """Representation of a Sensor."""

  def __init__(self, mac, name) -> None:
      super().__init__()
      self._mac = mac
      self._name = name
      self._attr_name = name
      self._attr_native_unit_of_measurement = TEMP_CELSIUS
      self._attr_device_class = SensorDeviceClass.TEMPERATURE
      self._attr_state_class = SensorStateClass.MEASUREMENT

  @property
  def name(self) -> str:
      """Return the name of the switch."""
      return self._name

  @property
  def unique_id(self) -> str:
      """Return a unique, Home Assistant friendly identifier for this entity."""
      return self._mac.replace(":", "")

  def update(self) -> None:
      """Fetch new state data for the sensor.

      This is the only method that should fetch new data for Home Assistant.
      """
      self._attr_native_value = 23

Deployment

Copy the directory homeassistant/components/dummy_garage/ to the Home Assistant Core /homeassistant/components/.

Add configuration for the desired entities in the config/configuration.yaml file.

 binary_sensor:
 - platform: dummy_garage
   name: "Dummy Car Presence"
   mac: "12:34:12:34:12:34"
   device_class: "presence"

 lock:
 - platform: dummy_garage
   name: "Dummy Garage Lock"
   mac: "EF:EF:EF:EF:EF:EF"

 switch:
 - platform: dummy_garage
   name: "Dummy Garage Switch"
   mac: "AB:AB:AB:CD:CD:CD"

 sensor:
 - platform: dummy_garage
   name: "Dummy Temperature"
   mac: "56:34:12:90:78:56"

For testing purpose, add automations for opening and closing the garage door in the config/automations.yaml file. Remember to change the values of entity_id if they are different from this example.

 - id: open_garage
   alias: "Open Garage Door"
   trigger:
     - platform: time_pattern
       minutes: 5
     - platform: time_pattern
      minutes: 15
     - platform: time_pattern
       minutes: 25
     - platform: time_pattern
       minutes: 35
     - platform: time_pattern
       minutes: 45
     - platform: time_pattern
       minutes: 55
   action:
     - service: lock.unlock
       target:
         entity_id: lock.dummy_garage_lock
     - delay: 00:00:10
     - service: switch.turn_on
       target:
         entity_id: switch.dummy_garage_switch

 - id: close_garage
   alias: "Close Garage Door"
   trigger:
     - platform: time_pattern
       minutes: 10
     - platform: time_pattern
       minutes: 20
     - platform: time_pattern
       minutes: 30
     - platform: time_pattern
       minutes: 40
     - platform: time_pattern
       minutes: 50
     - platform: time_pattern
       minutes: 0
   action:
     - service: switch.turn_off
       target:
         entity_id: switch.dummy_garage_switch
     - delay: 00:00:10
     - service: lock.lock
       target:
         entity_id: lock.dummy_garage_lock

Start Home Assistant Core:

hass -c config

Verification

Login Home Assistant Web Application.
Check that the entities are created.
Add the entities at the Overview tab.
Trigger the Open Garage Door action and observe the door lock and switch status.
Trigger the Close Garage Door action and observe the door lock and switch status.

Write a custom component for Home Assistant

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